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1 Filet Silk
Embroidery silk yarn made by doubling fine grege threads. -
2 Silk Yarns
Silk yarns are composed of a number of silk filaments twisted together, usually 8 to 12 to form a thread. The filaments have a natural coating of gum which gives strength and elasticity, but reduces lustre. The gum must be boiled off if lustre is wanted, which may be done either in the yarn state or when woven in cloth. Silk yarns are divided into two classes, " thrown silk" and " spun silk," the first being yarns that are made by the processes of reeling and throwing, and the second consisting of yarns spun from waste silk. Thrown Silk, or Net Silk comprises organzine and tram yarns, organzine being made from the most perfect cocoons and used for warps. Tram is made from the inferior cocoons and used as weft. All silk contains a proportion of natural gum, and the amount of gum removed give rise to the following terms: - Boiled-off Silk - Yarn which has had all the gum removed, and has the highest sheen (see Boiled-off). Hard Silk - Yarn that has not undergone any boiling-off process. Ecru Silk - Yarn boiled to remove about 3 per cent to 5 per cent of the gum by light washing in lukewarm water. Souple Silk - Yarn boiled to remove about one-sixth of the gum. Bengal Silk - See Bengal Silk. Berlin Silk - A silk yarn made for fancy hand work. It is produced by doubling from 4 to 8 twisted singles grege by a right-hand twist; then again doubling three of these with a left-hand twist. The thread is very round, smooth, and hard, also known as cordon-net. Blond Silk - A special silk yarn made by doubling three grege threads left-hand twist, then doubling three of these together with right-hand twist. Brights - Silk which has been entirely de-gummed in the skein and then dyed. Bourette, Bourrette Yarn - A low grade of silk yarn made from the waste produced by schappe spinning. Canton Silk - See Canton Silk. Chiffon Twist - Single raw silk threads, 50 or more turns per inch. Used for chiffons, crepe-de-chines, etc. Crepe-de-Chine - Hard twist tram silk, about 40 to 70 turns per inch. Made from 3 to 5 raw silk ends. Usually woven as weft. Crepe Georgette - Hard twist raw silk usually made from two threads 13/15 deniers, 50 or more turns, both right and left twist, used for crepe georgettes as warp and weft. Crepe Twist - This is tram silk hard twisted, having from 30 to 100 turns per inch. Used for making fabrics of a crepe character both all silk and mixtures. Cordonnet Silk - See Berlin Silk; also under Cordonnet. Eri Silk - A raw silk obtained from the wild silkworm " Attacus ricini." Flock Silk - A general term used to indicate silk yarns made from the outer uneven parts of the cocoon. Floss Silk - Used principally for embroidery purposes. It is a thrown silk and made by doubling two thick raw singles with right-hand twist together with a left-hand twist. Galette Silk - A coarse silk yarn made from waste. Grenadine Silk - Organzine silk with a large number of turns per inch. Jaspe Silk - Silk warps printed in the hank. Ombre Silk - Skein dyed yarn in a gradation of shades, which run in sequence of depth of colour, varying from five up to forty shades. Schappe Silk - A spun silk yarn which is made from silk degummed by the maceration process used on the Continent (see Schappe Silk). Soie Ondee - See Soie Ondee. Silk Yarns - In addition to the foregoing yarns see under the following terms for further silk yarns: - Cable, Cevennes, Chappe, Chine, Clochepeid, Crocheting, Crue (see Ecru), Cuite Cusier, Cusirino, Degummed, Docken, Doup-pion. Ecru, Embroidery, Etschingo, Filature, Filature a 1'Europeune, Filet, Florette, Fringe, Goffered, Grege, Gum Hainin, Hard, Kahing, Knitting, Lousy, Marabout, Maybasch, Melange, Mele, Mi-cuit, Minchcw, Nett, Noil, Organzine, Ouvrees, Oval, Pearlina, Pel, Pelo, Poie, Pure dye Silk, Raw (see Grege), Re-reels, Retorse, Senegal, Sewing, Simonita, Soft Singles, Soie Ondee, Souple, Spun, Steeped, Strafilato, Stumba, Thrown, Tors San File, Tram, Tramette, Tsatlees, Tussah, Twist, Washed, Zaguri. -
3 tendre
I.tendre1 [tɑ̃dʀ]➭ TABLE 411. transitive verba. [+ corde, câble] to tighten ; [+ muscles] to tense ; [+ tissu] (en le tirant) to stretch ; [+ piège] to setb. ( = suspendre) [+ tapisserie, tenture] to hangc. ( = présenter) tendre qch à qn to hold sth out to sb• tendre la main (pour attraper, mendier) to hold out one's hand• tendre la main à qn (pour saluer) to hold out one's hand to sb ; (pour aider) to lend sb a helping hand ; (pour se réconcilier) to hold out the hand of friendship to sb2. intransitive verb• tendre à qch/à faire qch ( = avoir tendance à) to tend towards sth/to do sth ; ( = viser à) to aim at sth/to do sth• cela tend à confirmer que... this tends to confirm that...3. reflexive verbII.tendre2 [tɑ̃dʀ]1. adjectivea. [peau, pierre, bois] soft ; [haricots, viande] tenderb. ( = affectueux) tender ; [ami, amitié] lovingc. ( = cher) deard. [couleur] soft2. masculine noun, feminine noun• en affaires, ce n'est pas un tendre (inf) he's a tough businessman* * *
I
1. tɑ̃dʀ1) ( étirer) to tighten [corde, fil, câble]; to stretch [élastique, peau]; to extend [ressort]tendre les bras — ( allonger) to hold out one's arms; ( étirer) to stretch one's arms out
tendre le bras — (pour saisir, donner) to reach out
tendre le bras à quelqu'un — ( pour soutenir) to offer ou give one's arm to somebody
tendre les bras à or vers quelqu'un — ( pour accueillir) to greet ou welcome somebody with open arms
la victoire me tend les bras — fig victory beckons
tendre la main — (pour saisir, donner) to reach out; (pour mendier, serrer la main à quelqu'un) to hold out one's hand
tendre la main à quelqu'un — ( pour aider) lit to hold one's hand out to somebody; fig to lend somebody a helping hand
tendre la joue — lit to offer one's cheek
3) ( disposer) to set [piège]; to put up [fil à linge, filet]tendre un piège à quelqu'un — fig to set a trap for somebody
4) ( tapisser)5) ( présenter)tendre une cigarette/du feu à quelqu'un — to offer somebody a cigarette/a light
2.
tendre à verbe transitif indirect1) ( viser à)2) ( avoir tendance à)
3.
verbe intransitif1) ( s'orienter)2) ( se rapprocher)tendre vers — to approach [valeur, chiffre]; to tend to [zéro, infini]
4.
II
1. tɑ̃dʀ1) ( non dur) [roche, bois, fibre] soft; [chair, peau, légumes] tender2) ( jeune) [pousse, herbe] new3) ( pâle) [rose, vert, bleu] soft4) ( affectueux) [personne] loving; [amour, sourire, paroles] tender; [tempérament] gentleêtre tendre avec quelqu'un — ( affectueux) to be loving toward(s) somebody
ne pas être tendre avec quelqu'un/quelque chose — to be hard on somebody/something
leurs propos ne sont pas tendres pour le régime — they have some harsh words to say about the regime
5) ( cher) [ami, époux] dear
2.
nom masculin et féminin soft-hearted person* * *
I tɑ̃dʀ adj1) (viande, légumes) tender2) (bois, roche, couleur) soft3) (personne) tender, loving
II tɑ̃dʀ1. vt1) [élastique, corde] to stretch, to draw tight, [voile] to set, [muscle] to tenseIls ont tendu une corde entre deux arbres. — They stretched out a rope between two trees.
tendre le bras — to stretch out one's arm, to reach out
Il lui a tendu les clés. — He held out the keys to her.
Elle me tendit la boîte de chocolates. — She held out the box of chocolates to me.
4) (= disposer) [filets] to set up, [hamac] to slingtendu de soie — hung with silk, with silk hangings
2. vi(= avoir tendance)* * *tendre verb table: rendreA adj2 ( jeune) [pousse, herbe, bourgeon] new; une tendre jeune fille a sweet young girl; tendre enfance/jeunesse earliest childhood/youth;4 ( affectueux) [personne] loving; [baisers, amour, sourire, paroles] tender; [humour, tempérament] gentle; un cœur tendre a loving heart; c'est un dur au cœur tendre beneath his tough exterior he's got a soft heart; s'aimer d'amour tendre to love each other tenderly; poser un regard tendre sur qn to look tenderly ou fondly at sb; être tendre avec qn ( affectueux) to be loving toward(s) sb; ( indulgent) to show leniency toward(s) sb; ne pas être tendre avec or envers or pour qn/qch to be hard on sb/sth; les critiques n'ont pas été tendres avec lui/ton roman the critics have been hard on him/your novel; leurs propos ne sont pas tendres pour le régime they have some harsh words to say about the regime;B nmf soft-hearted person; c'est un grand tendre he's very soft-hearted.C vtr1 ( étirer) to tighten [corde, fil, câble]; to stretch [élastique, peau]; to extend [ressort]; tendre la peau d'un tam-tam to stretch hide over the end of a tom-tom; tendre le cou to crane one's neck; tendre les bras ( allonger) to hold out one's arms; ( étirer) to stretch one's arms out; jambes et pointes de pied tendues legs straight and toes pointed; tendre le bras ( pour faire signe) to put out one's arm; (pour saisir, donner) to reach out; le sel est devant toi, tu n'as qu'à tendre le bras the salt's right in front of you, just reach out and get it; tendre le bras à qn ( pour soutenir) to offer ou give one's arm to sb; tendre les bras à or vers qn ( pour accueillir) to greet ou welcome sb with open arms; la victoire/mon lit me tend les bras fig victory/my bed beckons; tendre la main ( pour montrer) to point; (pour saisir, donner) to reach out; (pour mendier, serrer la main à qn) to hold out one's hand; la politique de la main tendue policy of openness; tendre la main à qn ( pour aider) lit to hold one 's hand out to sb; fig to lend ou give sb a helping hand; tendre la bouche or les lèvres to offer one' s lips for a kiss; tendre le dos fig to brace oneself; tendre la joue lit to offer one's cheek; tendre l'autre joue Bible to turn the other cheek;2 ( déployer) to spread [toile, bâche, drap] (sur qch over sth);3 ( disposer) to set [piège, collet, souricière]; to put up [fil à linge]; tendre un filet lit to put up a net; tendre un piège or un filet à qn fig to set a trap for sb;4 ( tapisser) tendre un mur/une cloison/un plafond de tissu to hang a wall/a partition/a ceiling with cloth; corridor/bureau tendu de toile de jute corridor/office hung with hessian;5 ( présenter) tendre qch à qn to hold sth out to sb; tendre un crayon/livre à qn to hold a pencil/book out to sb; tendre une cigarette/du feu à qn to offer sb a cigarette/a light.D tendre à vtr ind1 ( viser à) tendre à un but/un idéal to strive for a goal/an ideal; les mesures tendent à alléger l'impôt the measures are aimed at reducing taxes;2 ( avoir tendance à) tendre à faire to tend to do; la différence tend à s'accentuer the difference tends to become more pronounced.E vi1 ( s'orienter) tendre vers to strive for; tendre vers la perfection/l'absolu to strive for perfection/the absolute;F se tendre vpr1 ( devenir tendu) [câble, fil, corde] to tighten;2 ( devenir conflictuel) [relations, rapports] to become strained.I[tɑ̃dr] adjectifla presse n'est pas tendre pour elle ce matin she's been given a rough ride in the papers this morning2. [moelleux - viande, légumes] tender3. [mou - roche, mine de crayon, métal] softun tissu rose/vert tendre a soft pink/green material6. [jeune] earlyâge tendre, tendre enfance early childhood————————[tɑ̃dr] nom masculin et fémininII[tɑ̃dr] verbe transitif1. [étirer - câble, corde de raquette] to tighten, to tauten ; [ - élastique, ressort] to stretch ; [ - corde d'arc] to draw back (separable) ; [ - arc] to bend ; [ - arbalète] to arm ; [ - voile] to stretch, to brace ; [ - peau d'un tambour] to pull, to stretchtendre une embuscade ou un piège à quelqu'un to set an ambush ou a trap for somebody3. [revêtir - mur] to cover4. [allonger - partie du corps]tendre le cou to crane ou to stretch one's neckelle tendit son front/sa joue à sa mère pour qu'elle l'embrasse she offered her forehead/her cheek for her mother to kissassieds-toi, il y a un fauteuil qui te tend les bras sit down, there's an armchair waiting for youvas-y, le poste de directeur te tend les bras go ahead, the director's job is yours for the takingtendre la main [pour recevoir quelque chose] to hold out one's handa. [pour dire bonjour] to hold out one's hand to somebodyb. [pour aider] to offer a helping hand to somebodyc. [pour se réconcilier] to extend a ou the hand of friendship to somebody5. [offrir, présenter] to offer6. [concentrer]————————tendre à verbe plus préposition1. [avoir tendance à]2. [contribuer à]3. [aspirer à]4. [arriver à]————————tendre vers verbe plus préposition1. [viser à]tendre vers la perfection to aim at perfection, to strive towards perfection2. [approcher de]tendre vers zéro/l'infini to tend to zero/infinity————————se tendre verbe pronominal intransitif2. [atmosphère, relations] to become strained
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